Hammer for centrifugal devices and the like



Feb. 2, 1943.

' T. A. RATKOWSKI HAMMER FOR CENTRIFUGAL DEVICES AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 7, 1940 2 Sheets-Shea l I Fb. 2, 1943. v T. A. RATKOWSKI 2,309,713

HAMMER FOR CENTRIFUGAL DEVICES AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 7, 1940- Y 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Feb. 2, 1943 HAIVIMER FOR CENTRIFUGAL DEVICES AND THE LIKE Thomas A. Ratkowski, Chicago Heights, 111., as-

signor to The American Brake Shoe and Foundry Company, New York, N. Y., a corpora:

tion of Delaware Application August 7, 1940, Serial No. 351,720

9 Claims.

The present invention relates to hammers for centrifugal devices, and more in particular to pulverizing hammers otmulti-part construction having renewable tipstorheads for use in such instrumentalities or mechanisms as mills and crushing or pulverizing machines of the centrifugal or rotary beater type.

Among the objects of'the present-invention is toiprovide a novelpulverizer hammer of multipart construction having "a replaceable tip or head which is particularly subjected to heavy duty and considerable wear, thus requiring renewal or replacement.

Another object contemplated by the present invention is to provide a novel pulverizer'hammer having a tip orjheadrenewable or replaceable as'the same becomes so worn asto require such replacement in order to secure maximum performance and efiiciency of the said device to :which the same is attached.

As a further-desideratum within the purview of the present invention, a novel pulverizer hammer characterizing the present contributionin the art embodiesa tip or head of box or shell-like construction which can be readily and easily replaced as becomes necessary due to wear at a relatively low cost, the said structure also embodying as novel features means for efiecting this removal of the worn tip or head and replacement by a new tip or head with ease and facility and at a low cost, thus elimihating expensive labor charges and loss of production when such renewal becomes necessary.

As a further object of the present invention,

the same comprehends a pulverizer hammer construction embodying a replaceable tip or head which, because of the-excessive Wear and heavy duty to which the same is subjected, mustbe replaced or renewed from time to time in order to secure maximum performance of i the centrifugaldevice of which the same is a component part, such renewable tip or head being of box or Shelli-like construction which permits of its'fabrication atarelatively low cost and its readyreplacement without loss of production and large installation costs.

More particularly, the present'invention is directed to the construction of a multi-part'pulverizing hammer having a replaceable tip or head into Which the operating membertherefor is stepped by relativemovement between them in the direction of the'axis of the said operatingmember and wherein novel means is provided :for' securing: the two parts together to prevent displacement thereof. "More particularly, the securing meanswithin the purview of thepresentxinvention is .:embodied in part-by a pliable :portion'formed on one-of the members adapted'to be bent or displaced with respect of said member into interlocking relationwith a shoulder provided on the other ofithesaid members; I

The present invention further embraces-within its scope novel securing means in'theform of one or: more "pliable rfingers struck-out from one of the walls of one'zofithe members which can-be bent into interlocking-relationto a shoulder formed on 1 the other: of the said ;members to prevent relative axial "displacement of the head with respect to the operating member -on which-the. same is mounted.

.The invention in its-more specific 1 aspect comprehends a head *ofxbox-like :constructionhaving opposite-walls thereof gprovided withlone or more pliable fingers struck-:outi therefrom which are bendable, when -the'tip or head-is disposed in embracing relationto the :operating member, into interlocking :relation with "one or more shoulders formed as 'walls of opposed lateral open-faced recesses provided 'onthe operating member. More specifically, certain embojdiments incorporating'the:principles of construction according to thepresent inventioninvolve the use of pliable-fingers struck-out "from the walls of the embracingh'eador tip'whichare disposed. axially :With respectito the longitudinal axis of the hammer andwhich engage-transversely extending shouldersofithe operating-arm such thatsaid fingers, when'bent into interlocking relation'to-said'shoulders, act as pawls preventing axial displacement of the two members of the device. In-other modifications,:al1

in accordance With'the present invention, the novel locking means "takes" the form of one 'or morepliable fingers struck-outifrom' the walls of the embracing head or tip which are bent or displaced into the pathof displacement of the two members for engagement with cooperating shoulders to prevent such displacement.

-As "another 1 object of the present invention, the said structures above identified may embod3, slots'or recesses communicating with the recesses into'which thelocking lugs or fingers are bent to provide suitable means accessible from the interior of the assembly to receive a tool to facilitate the disengagement of-the fingers from the shoulders when'it is desired to replace the worntipor' head byra new head.

The present inventionzalso includes .as an object the ideaof providing ttheembracing'tip in plan taken substantially in the plane indicated A as 2-2 of Figure 1 of the drawings;

Figure 3 is a view in vertical cross section taken in the plane represented by line 3-3 of Figure 1 of the drawings;

Figure 4 is a view in horizontal cross section taken in the plane represented by line 4-4 of Figure 3 of the drawings;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view in side elevation of a modified form of pulverizing hammer also made in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary view in vertical cross section taken in the plane represented by line 6-6 of Figure 5 of the drawings;

Figure Tie a view partly in section and partly in plan taken in the plane. indicated as 1-1 of Figure 5 of the drawings;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary view in side elevation of still another formof pulverizing hammer made in accordance with the present invention; 1 i

Figure 9 is a fragmentary view in vertical cross section taken in the plane represented by line 9'.-l of FigureB of the drawings;

Figure 10 is a viewpartly in section and partly in plan taken substantially in the plane indicated as Ill-H1 of Figure 8 of the drawings;

Figure 11 is a fragmentary view in side elevation of still a further modified form of pulverizing hammer made in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 12 is a fragmentary view in vertical cross section taken in the plane represented by line l2-l2 of Figure 1 of the drawings; and

Figure 13 is a view partly in section and partly in plan taken substantially in the plane indicated as l3-l3 of Figure 11 of the drawings.

Referring now more in detail to the drawings, an embodiment selected to illustrate the present invention is disclosed in Figures 1 to 4, inclusive, as comprising an operating arm or head 2 formed at one'end thereof with an opening 4 whereby the said arm may be conveniently mounted upon an operating shaft for a rotary device which may be disposed within a mil1 or crusher. 'The arm 2 is further formed at its other end with an enlarged part 6 which is stepped into a replaceable head 8 of box or shelllike construction by relative movement between the elements in the direction of the. axis of the operating arm or member 2. The said end portion 6 is formed with lateral opposed facing recesses Ii] and I2 provided with transversely dis-- posed shoulders 14 and 16 to provide, in part, securing means for attaching the head 8 to the operating arm 2.

The replaceable head 8 is formed with a facing wall (8, opposed endwalls-Zll and 22 and the interconnecting side' and laterally opposed walls 24 and 25. Thishead is .of integral construction and of box-like proportions permitting of its tach the head to the operating arm 2.

ready fabrication at low cost and easily and readily assembled in operative relation to the operating arm 2 when desired, thus making replacement of a Worn out head or tip convenient, the attachment being effected by novel securing or attaching means to be presently described.

In the present embodiment incorporating the invention, the lateral opposed side walls 24 and 26 are each provided with a finger 28 struck-out from the metal forming the same as indicated, the said walls being of material which is pliable permitting their bending inwardly into interlocking relation with the shoulders l4 and 16 to at- As disclosed in the drawings, the said bendable fingers 28 are flanged adjacent their end as at 30 to provide suitable interlocking relation between the same and the said shoulders l4 and IS, the entire finger being provided by removal of metal as at 32 from the side walls of the replaceable head.

It is to be noted that in this modification the pliable fingers 28 are like pawls extending axially with respect of the operating member 2 and resisting displacement between the head 8 and operating arm 2 by thrust in their interlocking relation with the shoulders I4 and 16 of the opposed lateral facing recesses I0 and I2. In order to facilitate the replacement of a worn out head 8, the axially extending grooves or slots 34 and 36 are provided'on each side of the operating arm 2 and in communication with recesses 10 and I2 which provide access to the pliable fingers 28 to admit a tool or operating device which can be inserted therethrough and into engagement with said pliable fingers to dislodge the same from their interlocking engagement with the shoulders l4 and IE to remove the said head 8 from the arm, after which the said worn head may be replaced by a new head which is attached through the medium of pliable fingers 28 in engagement with the shoulders I4 and It.

The embodiment of the invention above described provides an assembly wherein the head or tip which is particularly subjected to heavy duty and excessive wear in the pulverizing operation can be readily replaced at will without loss of production time and without incurring any great expense in making this adjustment to provide for efiicient operation of the device. The replaceable heads are relatively light in weight, making this element of the assembly which must be replaced from time to time relatively inexpensive and one which does not involve any great amount of labor expense in its installation in operative association with the arm 2.

Figures 5 to 7, inclusive, disclose a modified form of construction for a pulverizing hammer made in accordance with the present invention, the same conforming-in all of its essential respects to the construction shown in Figures 1 to 4, inclusive. In this embodiment, the operating arm 38 conforms substantially to the operating arm 2 except that the enlarged end part 40 to which the replaceable tip or head is connected is provided on each side thereof with opposed lateral facing recesses 42 and 44, thus providing a plurality of interlocking shoulders, such as 46, on both sides of the device. In this regard, however, it should be noted that in accordance with this disclosure, single lateral opposed recesses may be provided as shown in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 4, inclusive, of the drawings.

In the present illustration, the replaceable tip or head 42 is of box-like construction conforming essentially-to the :1 ti iorihead i=8 and; is'provided withitthe 'il'ateral :Loppose'd walls 48 and :50; each of which has the oppositely :extending rp'liable fingers 45.2 and 54 struck-out:fromitheiwall and bendable across the path of displacement of the tipforLhead 42 with 'respectiof operatingm'ember-*38'into interlocking relation with the shoulders 46 ofthetrecesses :42 and 44. These pliable fingers 52 and 54 are formed in the same manner as thepliable fingers 28 and are of similar formation but are horizontally .disposed in respect of theaxis of'the devicefor movement into interlocking engagement with theshoulders- 46. By providinga plurality of -such interlocking'means as disclosed in 'this'embodiment; the replaceable head is effectively secured to the operating end of arm -38 to prevent displacement of the'head in respect of'thesaid arm, yet providing all of the advantages of thepreviously described embodiment-in that assembly and disassemblyof the -structure involved can be readily efiected at willand at lowcost.

According .to theopresent invention, further embodiments. fall within the scope thereof such,

.. forexample, as shown in 'Figures'8to 10, inclusive, wherein the operating arm 56 isof somewhat similar construction to operating arm 2 and 'which,;at its operating end,-is provided with an enlarged end part-58 formed with the opposed lateral facing recesses fi'fl'and 620n each side thereof forming the abutment-shoulders 64.

In this embodiment, the-removable tip or'head 68r-is of box-orshell-like construction including the opposed walls-10 "and 12 each of'which adjacent its upper margin is formed with the oppositely extending pliable fingers l4 and '16 struck-out fromthe'same much in'the manner as shownin Figures 1-to-7,'inclusive, except that in the present illustrative embodiment the, pliable fingers arexformed b-y the removal of metal-as at -18 "and that the marginal edgeof the said walls.

The pliable fingers 14 and 16 are bendable across the path of displacement of the removable head 68 with respect of the operating arm 56-and into interlocking relation with the shoulders 64 of the-recesses-Bi) and 62, respectively,-to secure the removable head 6B'to theoperating armtit. In this formof construct-ion, the provision of pliable fingers i4 and Hi-adjacent the marginal edges of the walls wand 12 has the advantage that the said fingers are easily accessible when it isdesired to remove a worn head and to replace the. same by a newhead. A further'advantage is obtained by the provision of a pluralityof fingers on opposed sides of the operating arm 56 toefiectively interlock the head and arm.

Figures 11 to 13, inclusive, .illustrateafurther embodiment of the invention conforming in certain general respects to the embodiments of Figures 5 to 10, inclusive, and comprising an operating arm 82 having an enlarged operating end 84 embraced in stepped relation by a replaceable tip or head 86 movable into said embracing relation by relative movement therebetween in the direction of the axis of the device. The operating end portion 84 of arm 82 is provided with the lateral opposed facing recesses 88 and 90 forming the interlocking shoulders 92 and 94, respectively, on opposite sides of the arm 82, and eaclr of which recesses is adapted to receive a plurality of pliable fingers, such as 96 and 98, which, in the illustrative example of the invention now being described, extend toward one another and are struck-out from each of the Walls I00 and I92 ofithereplaceable head :86. These lpliablefingers '96t an'df'flbrare formed bythe tremov'alt of: metalt-as at t I 04 :andicorrespond essentially to the :pliable fingerszof Tt'he "hereinbefore described embodiment, Lthe :same being bendable inwardly across the path of 'displacement of' -the lheadflfiinz respeotiof the operating arm82-intoointerlocking relation with' theshoulders 92 and 94 toueffective- 1y secure the head to the operating arm. These operating fingers iare struck-out I from the walls in spaced relation to: the marginal-portions thereof and accordingly conform substantiallyin' that respect-to the formation of' the pliable fingers 52 and 54 oftheembodiment disclosed in Figures- 5 to '7, inclusive.

Inaccordance with the hereinabove described structure embodying the present invention, the replaceable tip-or'head 86 is effectively secured tothe operating part 84 of the arm-until the same becomes-worn toa point necessitating its replacement, at which time the pliable fingers- 96 and sacanbereadily removed from recesses88 and idil'to'permit removal of the worn'head 'or tip-and its replacement by a' new head or tip whichcan bei'readily inserted in place andquickly attached to tthe operatingarm by bending the fingers96 and 98 inwardly across'the path'of displacement of the elements of thefdevice. I

While I have herein described and upon'the drawings: shown-illustrative embodiments of the invention, it is to :bennderstood that the invention is not limited thereto but may comprehend other constructions, arrangements of'partsfdetails and features without departing r from "the spirit 'of the invention.

I claim:

1. A hammer "for a centrifugal device, Com- .prising an operating member having an enlarged shouldered end, an impact hea'd having a facing wall and upstanding opposed 'end' and side walls forming a member ofbox-like construction provided With'an open .face in opposed relation to said'facing' wall'into which said end-ofisaid operating member is stepped rby'relative movement between said members in the direction of the axis of said operating member, said enlarged shouldered end=having a laterally'disposed recess having ashoulder; said head: having apart-bendable into interlocking relation'with said shoulder to prevent relative axial displacement of said head-with respect-to said operating memben-and said'operating member having an axially disposed slot communicating-with said recess for'receiving atool to .disengagesaid part from itsrinterlockingrelationto said shoulder for removing said head from .saidv operating member.

T2..A hammerfor .arcentrifugal device, comprising an operating member having an-enlarged shouldered end, an impact head having a facing walli-and upstanding-opposed endandside walls forming a member of box-like construction provided With an open face in opposed relation to said facing wall into which said end of said operating member is stepped by relative movement between said members in the direction of the axis of said operating member, said enlarged shouldered end having laterally opposed openfaced recesses provided with shoulders, said head having opposed pliable fingers struck-out from opposite walls thereof and bendable into interlocking relation to said shoulders to prevent relative axial displacement of said head with respect to said operating member, and said operating member having lateral facing slots axially disposed and communicating with said recesses for receiving a tool to disengage said fingers from their interlocking relation to said shoulders for removing said head from said operating member.

3. A hammer for a centrifugal device, comprising an operating member, an impact head having a facing wall and upstanding opposed end and side walls forming a member of box-like construction provided with an open face in upposed relation to said facing wall into which said operating member is stepped by relative movement between said members in the direction of the axis of said operating member, said operating member having laterally opposed open-faced recesses provided with transversely disposed Wall surfaces forming abutment shoulders, said head having opposed axially disposed pliable fingers struck-out from opposite walls thereof and bendable axially into opposed interlocking relation to said shoulders to prevent relative axial displacement of said head with respect to said operating member.

4. A hammer for a centrifugal device, comprising an operating member, an impact head having a facing wall and upstanding opposed end and side walls forming a-member of box-like construction provided with an open face in opposed relation to said facing wall into which said operating member is stepped by relative movement between said members in the direction of the axis of said operating member, said operating member having laterally opposed open-faced recesses provided with transversely disposed wall surfaces forming abutment shoulders, and said head having opposed transversely disposed pliable fingers struck-out from opposite walls thereof and bendable across the path of displacement of said head and operating member into opposed interlocking relation to said shoulders to prevent said displacement.

5. A hammer for acentrifugal device, comprising an operating member, an impact head having a facing wall and upstanding opposed end and side walls forming a member of boxlike construction provided with an open face in opposed relation to said facing wall into which said operating member is stepped by relative movement between said members in the direction of the axis of said operating member, said operating member having laterally opposed openfaced recesses provided with transversely disposed wall surfaces forming abutment shoulders, and said head having transversely disposed pliable fingers struck-out from opposite walls and in spaced relation to the marginal edges thereof and bendable across the path of displacement of said head and operating member into opposed interlock relation to said shoulders to prevent said displacement.

6. A hammer for a centrifugal device, comprising an operating member, an impact head having a facing wall and upstanding opposed end and side walls forming a member of box-like construction provided with an open face'in opposed relation to said facing Wall into which said operating member is stepped by relative movement between said members in the direction of the axis of said operating member, said operating member having laterally opposed openfaced recesses provided with transversely disposed wall surfaces forming abutment shoulders, and said head having transversely disposed pliable fingers struck-out from opposite walls and at the marginal edges thereof and bendable across the path of displacement of said head and operating member into opposed interlock relation to said shoulders to prevent said displacement.

7. A replaceable head for a pulverizing hammer, comprising a member of box-like construction having a facing wall and upstanding opposed end and side walls forming a member of box-like construction provided with an open face in opposed relation to said facing wall, and pliable fingers struck-out from opposed walls of said member and displaceable laterally to provide se curing means for attaching said head to an operating member. i

8. A hammer for a centrifugal device, comprising an operating member, an impact head member having a facing wall and upstanding opposed end and side walls forming a member of box-like construction provided with an open face in opposed relation to said facing wall into which said operating member is stepped by relative movement between said members in the direction of the axis of said operating member, said operating member being provided with a recess in at lea-stone face thereof having a looking shoulder, and said impact head member having a wall portion bendable into interlocking relation to said Shoulder to prevent relative axial displacement of said head member with respect to said operating member. v 9. A hammer for a centrifugal device, comprising an operating member, an impact head member having a facing wall and upstanding opposed end andside walls forming a member of box-like construction provided with an open face in opposed relation to said facing wall into which said operating member is stepped by relative movement between said members in the di rection of the axis of said operating member, said operating member being provided with a recess in at least one face thereof having a looking shoulder, and said impact head member having at least one finger struck from one of the walls thereof and bendable into interlocking relation to said shoulder to prevent relative axial displacement of said head member with respect to said operating member.

THOMAS A. RATKOWSKI. 

